Affichage des articles dont le libellé est The digestive system. Afficher tous les articles
Affichage des articles dont le libellé est The digestive system. Afficher tous les articles
Kidney Function Tests
naima | 09:16 |
The digestive system
Kidney Function Tests
Medical
tests play a very important role in the evaluation of renal function in
many diseases that affect the college, as the follow-up kidney patients
and predict ultimatum condition they have and these analyzes are:(1) measuring the urea (Urea)Urea
is the product of President and final metabolism of proteins in
mammals, consists of urea in the liver and then passes into the blood to
the kidneys, where he graduated with urine and interference in the
formation of urea from ammonia (NH3) toxic, which consists of the
demolition of acids Alaminihrgm that the level of urea in the blood is
an indicator of non- sensitive
function of renal However, the ease of measurement made of the tests
common insensitivity Hmaalachtbar that he must lose more than 50% of the
function glomeruli renal even Atathermistoy urea in the blood,
moreover, there are many reasons non-renal origin enable rising urea in
the blood, as that the level of urea in the blood is affected by proteins in the food and the amount of Rashih glomerular kidney.- The level of urea in the blood ranges from 20 to 40 mg / 100 ml blood (3.5 - 7 mmol / L)- The level of urea in the blood NatroyjanaBlood Urea Nitrogen (BUN)- The range of 8-25 mg / 100 ml blood (0.9 - 8.9Mmol / L)- The level of concentration of urea in the urine ranged between20 to 40 mg / 100 ml blood, and in infants between 5-15 mg / 100 ml blood, and children from 5 to 20 mg / 100 ml bloodIncrease the level of urea in the blood in the following cases: -- Inflammation of acute and chronic renal- Renal Failure- Obstructive urinary- Gastrointestinal bleeding- Trauma and fall of the adrenal gland- Cases of dehydration, so as to have a large amount of fluidSuch as that occurs in persistent vomiting and severe diarrheaMercury poisoning and heavy metal salts of someOtherDecreasing the level of urea in the blood in the following cases:Liver
disease developed, in which case Ttkonmadh ammonia and fails the liver
to convert to Paulina Due to the severity of the disease, and
Taatdhaafalkhtorh in the presence of high concentrations of urea,
because the ammonia gas is extremely toxic, which is spreading in the
whole body and the impact Serious is on the brain as it leads to
complete paralysis of the brain and Faihalh cerebral
palsy resulting from increasing the proportion of ammonia enters the
patient in a coma Hepatic Coma intermittent, but with the increase in
the proportion of ammonia in the blood may lead to the patient in a coma
long time may lead to Alovahxiaodh rate of dialysis industry and this
affects the rate of urea in the blood, where there are few to up to less than normal.Reasons for the increase Tzakiz urea in the urine:Increasing concentration of urea in the urine when you eat a diet rich in protein, and in cases associated with increased protein catabolism in the body such as fever, Marzalskr untreated hyperthyroidism and thyroid gland.Concentration causes a decrease of the proportion of urea in the urine
Less than the proportion of urea in the urine when you eat a poor diet of proteins, and in the building of proteins such as pregnancy and lactation, and in cases of liver failure and kidney failure.(2) measurement of creatinine Creatinine: -The measurement of creatinine indicator of more honest for the safety of the kidney function of measuring urea in the blood, a creatine anhydrous, where is produced from phosphate creatine after the phosphate group then passes blood to the kidneys to come out with urine and appropriate concentration blood and urine directly proportional to the size of the muscles of the body and not affected by eating, and constant focus for the past 24 hours, so it is best to test the meter and Zifahalklah.- The level of creatinine in the blood varies between 0.5 -1.5 mg per 100 ml blood (60-123 micromol / L)- Concentration of creatinine in the urine of about 1.5 g / 24 hours in males.The concentration of creatinine in the urine of about 1.0 g / 24 hours in females because of the different muscle size in both male and femaleIncrease the level of creatinine in the blood may result in:- Cases of acute renal failure and chronic- Obstructive urinaryWhile creatinine ratio of at least 0.5 g / 100 mlBlood does not mean any diagnostic importance.(3) creatinine clearance Creatinine Clearance Test: -This analysis is more accurate than previous analyzes which reveals the renal function in the past 24 hours, and also connects between creatinine ratio in both blood and urine within 24 hours.- Rate in males ranging between 90 to 140 ml / min- While the female percentage in the range between 80 to 125 - ml / min
Reduced creatinine clearance in all cases where Altinkhvd kidney function such as:- Pressure drop- Shortness of renal artery(4) measurement of uric acid (uric acid) (Uric Acid) Uric AcidIs the final product of the metabolism of purine Purine in humans, and enters in the composition of purine Ahamaudhalnowih includes adenine and guanine Adinine Guanine. Change the level of uric acid in the blood than an hour to another, and one day to another day, and that many factors affect the uric acid from fasting Ataiwalenoaah food, and the level of acid Alorett acid in the blood ranges from 3 to 7 mg per 100 ml blood in males (0.18 - 0.53) mmol / l.In females the level of uric acid ranged between 2-6 mg ml blood (0.15 - 0.45) mmol / Traikhrj of uric acid by the kidneys as about 80% of uric acid Mnhamad formed in the body comes out with the urine, and the part Ketbaka come out with yellow.The amount of uric acid from acid in the urine emerging between300 to 700 mg / 24 hours (1.2 to 6.3 mmol / 24 hours)Half of this amount comes from purine metabolism external (of eating) and the other half of the purine procedure (body cells), and therefore must Kamihhamad when measuring uric in the urine that the food is free of purine before and during the 24 hours for the collection of urine.Increase the level of uric acid in the blood in Alhalataltalah:Gout Gout- Renal Failure- An overactive thyroid gland- In some alcoholicsLeast the level of acid uric acid in the blood:- Cases of acute hepatitisWhile an at least concentration of uric acid in urineIn kidney disease
Kidney disease and diabetes
naima | 09:14 |
The digestive system
Kidney disease and diabetes
Diabetes was known from ancient times and lived with humans for thousands of years but the prevalence has increased in modern times as it became the top list of diseases that affect humans with high blood pressure and hardening of the arteries, especially in the most urbanized societies for the following reasons:
A great progress in medical science and to identify the many diseases has increased the age of the people, and possible eradication of many infectious diseases.
2 rapid pace of today's civilization and the precise work that is accompanied by intense anxiety and tension.
3 the high level of civilization of the times caused reduction in body movement due to modern inventions CAR, elevator and sit in front of the TV for hours, limiting human activity and movement.
4 today's civilization and the abundance of food, especially fats and sweets and the diversity of cooking and add flavorings, color and odor increased the over-eating.
5 progress and prosperity and high standard of living has led to increased smoking in its different forms, this shows that diabetes is a deficiency in the internal structure of the body reveal imaginative era (Kaltotr, anxiety and lack of exercise and frequent use of drugs and chemicals), which leads to complications affecting other body organs, including kidney Considering that the kidneys of the vital organs necessary for survival, and diabetes takes new forms, different forms have a direct impact on the fabric of the college or on the veins leading to a rise in blood pressure or incidence of chronic inflammation of the urethra, and may end up the patient after several years of infection failed functions of the kidney with a rise in the proportion of urea and creatinine levels in the blood
Q 1: What are the ratios of the natural sugar in the blood?A: In human blood about a teaspoon of sugar around (5 grams sugar) is equal to approximately 1 g each and every one liter of blood. Which is equivalent to 80 120 ml / g per 100 cc of blood.This quantity, although I have said it plays an important role for the continuation of life they are used as fuel for power generation primarily in that it provides about 50% of the total energy required for the body, is essential because there are some members of the human body can not dispense with glucose as energy, such as brain cells , and red blood cells and kidney cells that need energy giant of glucose for the continuation of their work seems so obvious, it may be easy to treat coma caused by the growing proportion of sugar in the blood, and the lack of sugar for 50% milligrams per 100 cc of blood is fatal may lead to death.
Q 2: What are the ratios to the presence of natural sugar in the urine?A: In cases of natural healthy body there is no trace of sugar in the urine during the day in the morning or evening because the college has full capacity to absorb sugar as a whole after the nomination of candidates kidney and the ability of faculty to be urine free from sugar as long as the blood nourishing her sugar by does not exceed 180 milligrams per 100 cc As for what more than that, the kidneys can not absorb, and it appears in the urine, therefore, the presence of sugar in the blood of more than 180 ms means that there is sugar in the urine.
Q 3: Is it possible the emergence of sugar in the urine with that percentage in the blood normal?A: Yes, sugar may appear in the urine with the rate of blood in normal and in the case of an imbalance in the functions of natural College as the kidneys do not have the ability to absorb the sugar in its entirety.
Q 4: What are the symptoms of high blood sugar?A: 1 thirst with dry mouth and throat in cases of severe high blood sugar2 increasing the volume of urine than usual and frequent urination.3 lack of body weight in a short time despite an increase in appetite4 a feeling of weakness and fatigue5 with dizziness in the consideration of the difficulty of determining the focus of6 pain with numbness parties
Q 4: What are the complications of diabetes on the kidneys?A: The importance and seriousness of diabetes in the many complications that can affect all organs and tissues of the body, either directly or indirectly, and therefore called on the name of the sugar (disease complications) on the basis that the large increase with the severity of its complications.And kidney of the most vulnerable members of the complications of diabetes and diabetic kidney are affected in three ways:A hardening of the kidney filters, which increases constantly and ends with the destruction of these filters2 narrow kidney arteries (hardening of the arteries of the kidneys), leading to a lack of nourishing blood flow to the College.3 and the large number of kidney inflammation of the urethra.Among the most important of these complications hardening filters kidney that usually occurs in diabetics young as affects sclerosis about 30% of patients, and it happens gradually, where tags appear after about 15 25 years of diabetes, and not necessary given that the rate of fall when you adjust the sugar and patient care.
Q 5: What is the relationship affected by the total sugar?A: 1 In addition to the presence of a high percentage of sugar in the urine and the date of patients with long notes the emergence of albumin in the urine and the loss of the ability to prevent him from landing in order to hardening of the refinery begins the tension in the body and especially of the eyelids in the morning and on the feet at the end of the day.2 high blood pressure for renal secretion of hormones with a significant impact in raising the blood pressure in the inevitably of the college to increase their efficiency.3 appearance of pus in the urine frequently, which means there is inflammation of the college or the urethra.4 marks start of kidney failure and shortcomings as evidenced by the high proportion of urea and creatinine levels in the blood.
Q 6: Do you hit the complications that occur in the kidneys due to higher sugar all diabetics?A: These changes are affecting more people with diabetes who need insulin injections constantly, which always occurs at an early age (under thirty years) and long after the onset of the disease ranging from 15 to 25 years, and this represents about 30% of patients. Those who can be treated with oral disk with stimulating the pancreas to secrete insulin, the numbers are usually less and older
Flatulence causes and treatment of Abdominal bloating
Studies
have shown that almost half of the people suffering from flatulence or
constipation at some point in their lives, and this problem is an
ongoing battle for them. Discover with us the main causes of flatulence with some simple solutions.Eating rather than drinkingWhen we eat, the stomach secretes a complex mix of enzymes responsible for the dismantling of the various components of food, including protein, fat and carbohydrates. Must not be mixed with water these enzymes in order to work effectively, so avoid drinking for 20 minutes before and after eating, but drinking a little apple cider vinegar 30 minutes before the date of the meal stimulates the digestive juices.Also, make sure that your diet rich in zinc and B Afattiamin Aldharoren for the production of digestive enzymes.Chewing a good
Confirms that specialists Talrivh eating are what make us suffer from bloating or not. E Vttaul food slowly and chew well to become a soft paste not only helps the flow of digestive juices in a manner consistent, but also lead to further production of acid necessary to dismantle the food, that people spend less time in the stomach.Do not swallow food quickly and remember to stay long hours without eating may also lead to the accumulation of gases.I like your stomach
The stomach to contain 100 trillion bacteria, composed of several strains, is working to kill the parasites and bad vehicles. However, the Ttaul food containing lots of fatty red meat, sugar, or to rely on antibiotics may lead to stomach problem leachate. In this issue, allowing entry of the stomach wall blocks of fats and proteins is digested, causing swelling in the abdomen. So, watch carefully to what you eat.Ease the tension
Affect cortisol (which is an enzyme expressed by the body when we feel tense) in the digestion and cause swelling and pain in the stomach. If you are exposed to a lot of pressure, avoid eating red meat and fatty foods that the body requires more time to digest.Instead limit myself to snacks such as fish and mashed vegetables, such as carrots, turnips and sweet potatoes.Discharge of toxins
Some experts say the evidence of abnormal swelling in the lymphatic system. If the body does not get rid of the surplus should also be water and toxins, it becomes flabby and swollen. So, add a few grains of cardamom to boiling water and let it soaked for a while, then drink the marinade during the day to drain toxins from the body.Devote time to massage
Can some essential oils, such as pink grapefruit and rosemary, reduce swelling. Added 5 to 10 drops of essential oil to bath water or massage the stomach in a circular motion before rinsing with warm water.Routine
Indeed, the lack of Ttaul adequate amount of fiber, or not drinking enough water, or lack of exercise, or taking certain medications such as antidepressants may lead to constipation.And constipation also becomes a problem during pregnancy. An increase in the level of progesterone slow down the intestines and lead to constipation. Therefore, we recommend that pregnant women eat more fruits and vegetables rich in fiber. The citric acid in citrus fruits helps to loosen the stool and makes it easy to get rid of it.Focus on some foods
- Eat natural organic milk because it contains a lot of bacteria necessary for the health of the stomach.- Eat fiber-rich oats normal soluble and easily digested. Oats and a good alternative to pills if you suffer from an allergy to wheat.- Eat green leafy vegetables such as spinach, lettuce, cucumbers because they generate urine normally. It is also useful to drink teas herbs.To abstain from certain foods
- Avoid refined foods that have been added the chemicals to make them more delicious or lasts Otalol because the body needs more time to digest it, causing intestinal gas.- Avoid foods rich in fiber, insoluble, such as whole grains, because they breed bacteria ferment in the stomach causing bloating.- Avoid eating fruits that contain fructose (fructose) immediately after a big meal, because they contain a lot of energy and nutrients, making them stuck in the digestive tract behind the heavy food. As the fruit break down more quickly, you may begin to ferment and cause gas so. Eating this fruit as a snack during the day or after a period of completion of the main meal.- Avoid legumes such as lentils, beans and corn if your clothes are tight. It is true that these foods contain protein and fiber but they cause gas.- Avoid soft drinks because they are full of artificial air, which blows your abdomen. The chewing gum may lead to the same result due to the entry of air into your stomach during chewing
Symptoms of diarrhea and the treatment of diarrhea
Often
Isthtr one health problem may Akhalha At first glance, the case of
transient and problem solve on their own ... However, in some times, the
problem starts simple and compounded, as a result of neglect and
disregard of, or even because of ignorance and Altanase, to become a
disease with tails ominous. Even the simplest cases become sick disease requires treatment and medication. Not all people authorized to make doctors diagnose and evaluate the firm. No
right to give others some recipes random treatment, once the method has
succeeded with them once, for example, because every body is different,
and requires specific prevention and treatment. On
the other hand, each disease has a hidden phenomenon and its causes,
although some diseases are similar in symptoms outwardly, but inwardly
with different causes. Thus, you must find the right drug her, and the best way to eliminate them. Diarrhoea, constipation, for example, the most prominent of which may affect humans through a typical day. The
Isthtr Ieiarhama them or importance, but only suffered some discomfort
and continue the daily routine ... but in some cases, this may be the
problems that affect the intestine are related to what is more serious
than just a «cold» or «food poisoning». So do not be taking medications at random and try to solve it ourselves spontaneously, but must visit the doctor.Explains Dr. Assad oppressed, specialist in internal medicine, diarrhea and constipation, explaining the causes and symptoms, and a detailed consequences and therapies. Also deals with Mr. Andre Daher, specialist assistant pharmacist, to the part simple therapeutic drug most often used in the two cases.What is diarrhea?
When the person does not suffer initially from speeches healthy, eating regularly and ingests the stomach, to turn to the remains after stool, get rid of it after taking the body needs food. Valbrz component of a certain amount of water, in addition to food scraps. However, the diarrhea problem lies in the fact that the amount of water more than food scraps.Says Dr. Assad oppressed «diarrhea are common health problem, which is often the case satisfactory evidence. When the human bowel movement for more than three to four times within twenty-four hours, and the stool «water», the problem is severe and in need of treatment, yet simple ».It is true that diarrhea is a common problem, and often go away by themselves after two days at the maximum, but sometimes may worsen to become serious in terms of know or do not know. The chronic diarrhea may be a sign of chronic disease.Causes of diarrhea
Multiple causes of diarrhea all lead to the same result. D say. Happiest oppressed: «diarrhea associated with the general and functional disorders affecting the intestine or colon. Perhaps the most common causes of suffering from this disease is picking parasites and microbes by eating food or water, as may be explained by some food poisoning ».On the other hand, there are some people who are unable to digest food components such as lactose in milk, or even gluten found in wheat and its derivatives. And consumption of such components in the food without knowing it, one is unable to take up, causing his diarrhea, over and over again.And can cause some types of drugs, antibiotics and anti-cancer drugs diarrhea.The intestinal diseases and inflammation in the colon and digestive disorders and functional bowel disorders, all of the causes of diarrhea.Some patients may experience this problem also after stomach surgery or removal of the gallbladder, for example. It may be a change in how fast the movement of food in the digestive system after surgery is the cause.Diarrhea due to travel
It should be noted that the diarrhea may be the result of travel! It is true that climates are changing and the weather changed in different countries, but the reason caused by ingestion of food or water contaminated with bacteria or viruses Oalotfillat ... The problem occurs in developing countries than in industrial, starting with this type of traveler diarrhea.Accompany the symptoms of diarrhea
Dr. d. Happiest oppressed «diarrhea may be accompanied by stagnation, abdominal pain, bloating, nausea, in addition to the urgent need to use the bathroom again and again».In more advanced cases, it may worsen and the patient suffers heat or the presence of blood in the stool.Serious consequences
Since the transient diarrhea condition, you may overlook some of them do not insist on treatment. But the danger exists even in the simplest problems. Here, d explains. Happiest oppressed «acute diarrhea is a risk to health and even to human life Andm lead to dehydration. Then the body loses a lot of fluids and essential minerals and mineral salts necessary for the performance of important functions in the body and activate the muscle ».So you must resort to the treatment immediately. Perhaps the most striking signs of suffering from dehydration are thirst, fatigue, lack of urination and the appearance of dark colored urine, dry mouth, tongue and skin.Prevention and treatments
Fluids are essential to the human body, so can not operate to public service in the body and muscles the right way without it.Explain d. Happiest oppressed: «It is true that diarrhea is not a risk in most cases, but may become so, you should if your doctor if it continues the case of diarrhea more than two days, or if you suffered a person severe pain in the abdomen or the presence of blood in the stool, or even drought.
For his part, says Mr. Andre Daher «must be a lot of drinking water and liquids, especially soups and broths which contain sodium, as well as juices. Should also eat a boiled like potatoes, rice, toast, muffins and bananas. And you should avoid raw vegetables, caffeine, dairy products, sweets and soft foods which contain high amount of fat, because they tend to increase diarrhea ». He adds: «must be self-monitoring, and after rehydration must also use some antibiotics as prescribed by your doctor to eliminate microbes».
And loneliness. Happiest oppressed «in serious cases, we may need to give the patient Omassala especially in the home to address the severe drought, may also introduce the hospital for treatment if aggravated the drought situation».
But in respect of the diarrhea that comes as a result of the travel and tourism, he says, d. Happiest oppressed: «can not simply consumption of contaminated food and water, in the sense not to use tap water (or tap) to drink, or non-consumption of unpasteurized milk and dairy products. Should also avoid raw fruits and vegetables and eat meat raw or cooked properly ».Shall not eat from street vendors carts and preferably going to restaurants known disregard of cleanliness and not eat anywhere.What is constipation?
Constipation is also a difficult situation experienced by the human, but it is not a disease but is the problem bother you and worried.
D say. Happiest oppressed «Constipation is the inability to defecate for more than two or three days in a row, or suffering from stool is difficult and harsh, dry».A condition that occurs when the colon absorbs too much water, the stool becomes a component of food debris and a small amount of water, causing it moves very slowly.Causes of constipation
Exhibitors from constipation symptoms and not the disease itself. Almost everyone going through the experience constipation at some point in their lives, and often the cause is malnutrition.Explain d. Happiest oppressed «The lack of drinking water, regular and adequate manner, in addition to not eating fiber in the diet significantly affect the incidence of constipation. Also suffering from problems in the glands or from problems in the colon or in the intestine may cause constipation. And some types of medicines and lack of physical activity, especially in the elderly are all of the reasons that lead to constipation ».Problems and complications
Does not show other symptoms accompanying constipation. But it may become a medical condition or be evidence of a malignant tumor in the colon.
Explain d. Happiest oppressed «The primary complications of constipation is the emergence of hemorrhoids. As a result, rectal bleeding may occur as they appear bright red dots on the surface of the stool. In the most serious consequences, it may bolt in the intestine, in the sense that changing the form of bowel, not because its wall Malesa and straight, leading to a proliferation of microbes inside. This situation can cause inflammation in the bowel and high fever and bleeding.Treatments by causes
The change of lifestyle and way of red tape and follow the diet studied, that eliminates the problem of simple constipation.
Dr. Assad oppressed gives practical tips to help relieve symptoms and prevent constipation, saying: «should be eating a balanced manner and to follow a diet rich in fiber, bran, any vegetables, whole grains and fresh fruit. Should also drink water and plenty of fluids. We must change the type of medications that cause constipation and replacing it with another similar in terms of treatment, but with the components do not lead to additional cases of constipation. Glands can be treated so as not to reflect negatively on the health of the intestine ». Therefore, you should visit a doctor for diagnosis and to find out the root cause to be disposed of after Wiczol case of constipation.
Stresses Mr. Andre Daher also: «treatments may not be tampered with and the experience of all that is recommended by the neighbors and parents because the wrong medication may lead to serious consequences and cause complications and serious health problems. Handled in a manner laxatives intensive and random would be detrimental, such as health and lead to severe diarrhea, or even to other diseases. It can also get used to the intestine using laxatives, no longer be able for indispensable, and this also generates a problem! Therefore, you should visit a doctor for proper diagnosis and appropriate treatment
